Verbs: Indicative Active
Verbs: Indicative Active
Verbs: Indicative Active
Present Active
Imperfect Active
Future Active
How to Tell a Verb's Conjugation
This is critical knowledge when working with Latin verbs! It is essential to be able to determine a verbs conjugation (or group) so that you know which rules to use!
To tell the conjugation of the verb: go to the 2nd principal part and look at the last three letters.
1st Conjugation verbs end in "-āre".
2nd Conjugation verbs end in "-ēre".
3rd Conjugation verbs end in "-ere".
4th Conjugation verbs end in "-īre".
The Present Tense Active
The Present Tesnse is the hardest tense to form because you must know to what conjugation (group) each verb belongs.
The following are "Martinisms" for forming the present tense. "Martinisms" are ways that Magistra Martin teaches Latin grammar that other teacher do.
First, the first form for this tense is always the 1st principal part (aka: the one that ends in -o). For the other forms follow the directions below.
1st Conjugation Present Active:
1) Drop the "-ō" from 1st principal part.
2) Add "a" and then the endings -s, -t,-mus, -tis, -nt.
3) Add the four long marks.
Latin Example: Translations of laudant:
laudō laudāmus they praise
laudās laudātis they are praising
laudat laudant they do praise
2nd Conjugation Present Active:
1) Drop the "-ō" from 1st principal part.
2) Add the endings -s, -t,-mus, -tis, -nt.
3) Add the four long marks.
Latin Example: Translations of docent:
doceō docēmus they teach
docēs docētis they are teaching
docet docent they do teach
3rd Conjugation Present Active:
1) Drop the "-ō" from 1st principal part.
2) Add "i"
3) Add the endings -s, -t,-mus, -tis, -unt.
4) Add the one long mark.
Latin Example: Translations of ducunt:
ducō ducimus they lead
ducis ducitis they are leading
ducit ducunt they do lead
3rd Conjugation "-io" Present Active:
1) Drop the "-ō" from 1st principal part.
2) Add the endings -s, -t,-mus, -tis, -unt.
3) Add the one long mark.
Latin Example: Translations of capiunt:
capiō capimus they take
capis capitis they are taking
capit capiunt they do take
4th Conjugation Present Active:
1) Drop the "-ō" from 1st principal part.
2) Add the endings -s, -t,-mus, -tis, -unt.
3) Add the four long marks.
Latin Example: Translations of audiunt:
audiō audīmus they hear
audīs audītis they are hearing
audit audiunt they do hear
For more information on the Present Tense Active check out the PDF of the class handout.
The Imperfect Tense Active
1. First check and see if you have an -io verb (a verb whose
1st principal part ends in "-io").
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If the verb ends i "-io" change the "-o" to an "-e" and the add the endings in Step 3.
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If the verb is not an "-io" verb go to Step 2.
2. Go to the 2nd Principal Part & drop the "-re".
3. Add the endings (with the 3 long marks):
bam (I) bāmus (we)
bās (you) bātis (you, y'all)
bat (he, she, it) bant (they)
Latin Example: Translations of laudabant:
laudabam laudabāmus they were praising
laudabās laudabātis they used to praise
laudabat laudabant they kept praising
For more information on the Imperfect Tense Active check
out the PDFs of the class handouts.
The Perfect Tense (Active)
Great news! This is the one of the easiest tenses in Latin to form AND there are no irregular verbs! This means that all Latin verbs use the same rule to form the Perfect Active Tense.
1. Go to the 3rd Principal Part
2. Drop the "-i".
3. Add the endings
ī imus
istī istis
it ērunt
Latin Example: Sample translations of laudavērunt:
laudavī laudavimus they praised
laudavistī laudavistis they have praised
laudavit laudavērunt they did praise
The Pluperfect Tense Active
Great news! This is the one of the easiest tenses in Latin to form AND there are no irregular verbs! This means that all Latin verbs use the same rule to form the Pluperfect Active Tense.
1. Go to the 3rd Principal Part
2. Drop the "-i".
3. Add the endings
eram erāmus
erās erātis
erat erant
Latin Example: Translation of laudaverant:
laudaveram laudaverāmus they had praised
laudaverās laudaverātis
laudaverat laudaverant
The Future Tense Active
There are two rules for forming the Future Tense Active.
1st & 2nd Conjugation Verbs
The first is for verbs of the 1st & 2nd Conjugation only (ie: verbs
whose 2nd principal part ends in -āre or -ēre).
1. Go to the 2nd principal part and drop the "-re" ending.
2. Add the following endings
bō bimus
bis bitis
bit bunt
laudabō laudaverāmus they will praise
laudabis laudabitis
laudabit laudabunt
3rd & 4th Conjugation Verbs
The following is a "Martinism" (ie: an easy) wat to for the future tense for verbs of the 3rd & 4th Conjugations only (ie: verbs whose 2nd principal part ends in -ere or -īre).
1. Go to the 1st principal part and drop the "-ō" ending.
2. Add the following endings:
am ēmus
ēs ētis
et ent
Latin Example: Translation of ducent:
ducam ducēmus they will lead
ducēs ducētis
ducet ducent
Latin Example: Translation of audient:
audiam audiēmus they will hear
audiēs audiētis
audiet audient
The Future Perfect Tense Active
This is the one of the easiest tenses in Latin to form AND there are no irregular verbs! This means that all Latin verbs use the same rule to form the Future Perfect Active Tense.
1. Go to the 3rd Principal Part
2. Drop the "-i".
3. Add the endings
erō erimus
eris eritis
erit erint
Latin Example: Translation of laudaverint:
laudaverō laudaverimus they will have praised
laudaveris laudaveritis
laudaverit laudaverint
latintutorial:
The Imperfect Active Indicative
Magistra:
The Present Active Indicative
latintutorial:
The Present Active Indicative
Latin Turoeial: The Pluperfect Tense
latintutorial:
The Perfect Active Indicative
Magistra:
The Imperfect Active Indicative
Magistra:
The Perfect Active Indicative
Present Tense Active Handout
Imperfect Tense Active Handout
The Imperfect Tense
Irregular Verbs Handout
latintutorial:
The Pluperfect Active Indicative
latintutorial:
The Future Active Indicative
latintutorial:
The Future Perfect Active Indicative
